PMC

(a) Energy diagram of the equilibrium magnetization states in a cubic magnetite nanoparticle. The insert shows the average reduced magnetic moment of the vortex depending on the length of the cube’s side. (b) Hysteresis loops of vortex configuration in a cubic magnetite nanoparticle with size L = 64 nm for some characteristic directions of external magnetic field: 1) ω_h = ψ_h = 0.0; 2) ω_h = 0.955, ψ_h = π/4; 3) ω_h = π/4, ψ_h = 0.0; 4) ω_h = ψ_h = π/8. (c) the vortex magnetization distribution in a cubic magnetite nanoparticle with size L = 64 nm. (d) the cross-section of the vortex shown in c) along the vortex core.

(a) Energy diagram of equilibrium magnetization states in a spherical iron nanoparticle with cubic anisotropy. The insert shows the reduced average magnetic moment of the vortex as a function of the nanoparticle diameter. (b) General view of the vortex in iron nanoparticle of diameter D = 42 nm; (c) The diametrical cross section of the vortex perpendicular to the easy anisotropy axis. (d–f) Hysteresis loops of vortex in iron nanoparticles of different diameters for some characteristic directions of applied magnetic field: 1) ω_h = ψ_h = 0.0; 2) ω_h = 0.955, ψ_h = π/4; 3) ω_h = π/4, ψ_h = 0.0; 4) ω_h = ψ_h = π/8. The frequency and amplitude of alternating magnetic field are given by f = 1 MHz and H₀ = 100 Oe, respectively.

Examples of hemodynamics (at peak systole) for MCA aneurysms with and without blebs. Left panel – aneurysm with bleb removed (surrogate for IA prior to bleb formation): a) geometry of MCA aneurysm after removal of one bleb (insert shows marked bleb in red), b) inflow jet (iso-velocity surface), c) WSS magnitude, d) flow pattern (streamlines), e) vortex corelines. Right panel – representative MCA aneurysm that presented without bleb: f) geometry of MCA aneurysm without bleb, g) inflow jet, h) WSS magnitude, i) flow pattern, and j) vortex corelines.

The simulated E_z field distribution of topological interface state at normalized frequency 0.349c/a. The interface state propagates forward unidirectionally along the channel with weak backscattering excited by source with optical vortex index m = 1. The insert is the zoom-in position of the excitation source.